2026-05-23
Government spending (total expenditure)
What total general government expenditure as a share of GDP measures, and how to read it.
#fiscal
4 articles
2026-05-23
Government spending by function: health, education, defence, social protection
How the COFOG breakdown splits public spending into what governments actually spend it on.
2026-05-23
Government revenue
Total general government revenue as a share of GDP — essentially the overall tax-and-contributions take.
2026-05-23
Deficit and surplus (net lending/borrowing)
The gap between what a government raises and what it spends in a year, and the 3%-of-GDP Maastricht limit.